Dysphagia can be caused by structural, functional or combination of both. The structural component could be external or internal structural causes producing pressure in the swallowing mechanism. The functional causes of dysphagia may be related to the neuromuscular function of the pharynx and esophagus. Dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing can compromise hydration of the patient and can also lead to aspiration pneumonia. The National Foundation of Swallowing Disorders has placed the incidence of dysphagia at 22 % for the population above the age of 50. Ten million Americans are being evaluated for swallowing problems. Although dysphagia can occur at any age, it’s diagnosis, treatment, and management, depends on the cause of the dysphagia.
